The Open Athenaeum

✶ The Study Deck

Strength

Trump VIII of the greater arcana

Waite & Colman Smith, 1909 · described 1911

A woman, over whose head there broods the same symbol of life which we have seen in the card of the Magician, is closing the jaws of a lion. The only point in which this design differs from the conventional presentations is that her beneficent fortitude has already subdued the lion, which is being led by a chain of flowers. For reasons which satisfy myself, this card has been interchanged with that of justice, which is usually numbered eight. As the variation carries nothing with it which will signify to the reader, there is no cause for explanation. Fortitude, in one of its most exalted aspects, is connected with the Divine Mystery of Union; the virtue, of course, operates in all planes, and hence draws on all in its symbolism. It connects also with innocentia inviolata, and with the strength which resides in contemplation.

These higher meanings are, however, matters of inference, and I do not suggest that they are transparent on the surface of the card. They are intimated in a concealed manner by the chain of flowers, which signifies, among many other things, the sweet yoke and the light burden of Divine Law, when it has been taken into the heart of hearts. The card has nothing to do with self-confidence in the ordinary sense, though this has been suggested—but it concerns the confidence of those whose strength is God, who have found their refuge in Him. There is one aspect in which the lion signifies the passions, and she who is called Strength is the higher nature in its liberation. It has walked upon the asp and the basilisk and has trodden down the lion and the dragon.

the plate, in waite's words · the painted card will hang here in time

In divination

Power, energy, action, courage, magnanimity; also complete success and honours.

Reversed: Despotism, abuse of power, weakness, discord, sometimes even disgrace.

The library's note

Strength carries the deck's best documented piece of editorial history. In the older Marseille order this position belonged to Justice; Waite swapped the two, numbering Strength eighth and Justice eleventh, saying only, "for reasons which satisfy myself, this card has been interchanged with that of justice, which is usually numbered eight." The image shows a woman closing a lion's jaws, the beast "led by a chain of flowers" rather than force. Waite reads this as fortitude drawn from a gentler register than self-confidence, "the confidence of those whose strength is God." The same sign that crowns the Magician broods over her head too.

a young page · the keeper's voice pass on the note is still to come

Doors Onward

Sources & Further Reading

  1. Waite, A. E. (1911). The Pictorial Key to the Tarot. Card text quoted verbatim, his punctuation kept. (Public domain.)
  2. Card described at: http://sacred-texts.com/tarot/pkt/pktar08.htm

Free, and kept that way by readers. If this page served you, keep a lamp lit.